Why in a three pin plug the earth pin is thicker and longer than the other pins?

By Bharat Ribadiya -

It depends upon R=ρL/A where area (A) is inversely proportional to resistance (R), so if the area (A) increases, resistance decreases & if resistance is less the leakage current will take low resistance path so the earth pin should be thicker. 

 It is longer because the first to make the connection and last to disconnect should be earth Pin. That assures the safety of the person who uses the electrical instrument. 

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